1. A B Vajpayee

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Biography Atal Bihari Vajpayee is an iconic leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), known for his cultural moderation, liberalism and political reasonableness. He became the Prime Minister of India thrice. It was during his tenure that India successfully conducted nuclear tests at Pokhran and renewed hopes for peace between India and Pakistan emerged with the start of the New Delhi-Lahore bus service. His government has been till date the only non-Congress government to stay in power for five years.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee born 25 December 1924 is an Indian politician who was the 10th Prime Minister of India, first for 13 days in 1996 and then from 1998 to 2004 A.

• Atal Bihari Vajpayee. 'Address to the Nation by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee' (PDF). Poet politician Atal Bihari Vajpayee: A biography.
• Atal bihari vajpayee poems in hindi pdf. This backup should be stored in a safe place where a disk crash or other nastiness cannot corrupt it.

Besides being a seasoned politician and outstanding parliamentarian, Atal Bihari Vajpayee is also a renowned poet and a highly popular personality across the political spectrum. The Narendra Modi Government has announced the conferment of Bharat Ratna on former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. His birthday on 25 December has been declared as 'Good Governance Day'. Famous for his oratorical skills, Vajpayee now leads a retired and reclusive life due to ill-health. Early life Atal Bihari Vajpayee was born in a middle-class Brahmin family to Krishna Devi and Krishna Bihari Vajpayee on 25 December, 1924 in Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh). His father was a poet and a school teacher. Vajpayee did his schooling from the Saraswati Shishu Mandir, Gwalior.

Later, he studied at Victoria College, Gwalior - now Laxmi Bai College, for his graduation. It was at Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College, Kanpur that Vajpayee completed his post-graduation in Political Science. Joining as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) worker in 1939, Vajpayee became a pracharak (full-time worker) in 1947. He also worked for Rashtradharma Hindi monthly, Panchjanya Hindi weekly and the dailies Swadesh and Veer Arjun. Vajpayee chose to stay bachelor for whole life.

Political Career He began his career in politics as a freedom fighter. Later he joined the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), a Hindu right-wing political party, under the leadership of Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee. He became national secretary of BJS in charge of the Northern region. As the new leader of BJS, Vajpayee was elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time in 1957 from Balrampur.

He rose to become the national president of the Jana Sangh in 1968. Supported by his colleagues Nanaji Deshmukh, Balraj Madhok and L K Advani, Vajpayee took the Jana Sangh to greater glory. Vajpayee participated in the Total Revolution movement launched by Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) against the Internal Emergency imposed by then prime minister Indira Gandhi in 1975.

In 1977, Jana Sangh became a part of the Janata Party, the grand-alliance against the Indira Gandhi government. Vajpayee became a Union Minister in 1977 when Morarji Desai-led Janata Party coalition came to power for the first time. He became the Minister of External Affairs.

As foreign minister, Vajpayee became the first person to deliver a speech at the United Nations General Assembly in Hindi. His career as a minister was short-lived as he resigned from his post following the resignation of Morarji Desai in 1979. But by then, Vajpayee had established himself as a political leader. Vajpayee along with Lal Krishna Advani, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat and others from the BJS and Rashtriya Swyamsevak Sangh (RSS) formed the Bharatiya Janata Party in 1980. He became a strong critic of the Congress (I) government that followed the fall of Janata Party government. Vajpayee did not support Operation Blue Star and raised his voice against the anti-Sikh violence after the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984 by two of her Sikh bodyguards. The BJP won two parliamentary seats in the 1984 elections.

Vajpayee functioned as BJP President and Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament. Known for his liberal views, Vajpayee bemoaned the demolition of the Babri Mosque on 6 December, 1992 and declared it as the BJP's 'worst miscalculation'. As Prime Minister of India By 1984 elections, the BJP had established itself as an important political party in Indian politics. Vajpayee was sworn in as the 10th Prime Minister of India following the 1996 General Elections, where the BJP emerged as the single largest party in the Lok Sabha. However, the government collapsed after only 13 days after his government could not gather support from other parties to obtain a majority.

He thus became the shortest serving Prime Minister in India. The BJP-led coalition government came back to power as the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in 1998. Vajpayee was again sworn in as the Prime Minister. Vajpayee's second term as PM is known for Nuclear tests conducted at Pokhran desert in Rajasthan, in May 1998.

Vajpayee also pushed for peace process with Pakistan. He inaugurated the historic Delhi-Lahore bus service in February 1999. He also pitched for resolving the Kashmir dispute and other conflicts with Pakistan. But Pakistan ditched India by launching Kargil War, wherein Pakistani soldiers infiltrated into the Kashmir Valley and captured border hilltops around the town of Kargil.

Indian army units, under Operation Vijay, fought Pakistani intruders braving heavy artillery shelling amidst extremely cold weather, and treacherous hilly terrain, and ultimately emerged victorious. However, Vajpayee's government lasted 13 months when the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) withdrew its support to the government in mid-1999. In the following election, however, the NDA came back with full majority and Vajpayee was able to complete five years (1999-2004) in office as a non-Congress PM for the first time. Vajpayee took oath as Prime Minister of India for the third time on 13 October 1999.

However, his third term also saw India yielding to terrorists when in December 1999, Indian Airlines flight IC 814 from Kathmandu to New Delhi was hijacked and taken to Kandahar, Afghanistan. The government had to release dread terrorists including Maulana Masood Azhar from prison to secure the freedom of passengers. On the brighter side, the Vajpayee government introduced many economic and infrastructural reforms, including encouraging the private sector and foreign investments. It also undertook National Highway Development Projects and Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana.

Vajpayee adopted pro-business, free market reforms approach to boost India's economic development. In March 2000, Vajpayee signed the Historic Vision Document during the visit of the then US President Bill Clinton. The Declaration incorporated several strategic issues, apart from pitching for expansion in trade and economic ties between the two countries. Vajpayee again tried for peace with Pakistan during the Agra summit with the then Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf, but the talks failed to achieve any breakthrough as Musharraf declined to leave aside the Kashmir issue. The Vajpayee regime also witnessed an attack on Indian Parliament on 13 December 2001, when Pakistan-supported terrorists stormed the Parliament building in Delhi. They were ultimately foiled in their attempts by the Indian security forces. Vajpayee as PM was pained when communal riots broke out in Gujarat in 2002 after the Godhra train tragedy.

Retirement The 2004 General Election brought about the downfall of the NDA, which lost almost half its seats and the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) assumed the reins of power. Vajpayee refused to take up the position of the Leader of the Opposition paving the way for Lal Krishna Advani's leadership of BJP. He now lives in retirement and seclusion owing to ill health. Awards. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj (far right) hand over the Liberation War award to Vajpayee's family members. Padma Vibhushan in 1992. D.

From Kanpur University in 1993. Lokmanya Tilak Award in 1994.

Best Parliamentarian Award in 1994. Bharat Ratna Pandit Govind Vallabh Pant Award in 1994. Bharat Ratna in 2015. Liberation War award (Bangladesh Muktijuddho Sanmanona) in 2015 Facts and Information about Atal Bihari Vajpayee Born 25 December 1924 (age 92) at Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) Parents Krishna Devi, Krishna Bihari Vajpayee Education Victoria College (Now Laxmibai College), Gwalior; DAV College, Kanpur. Marriage Unmarried but has an adopted daughter, Namita Recognition Known for his liberal social, cultural and political views Awards Padma Vibhushan (1992), Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy from the Kanpur University (1993) and Bharat Ratna (2014) Other than Politics An acclaimed poet, journalist and a brilliant orator Political career Started as a freedom fighter; took part in Quit India Movement in 1942. Met Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS) leader Syama Prasad Mookerjee, took over BJS leadership after Mookerjee's death Founded the Bharatiya Janata Party (the BJP), along with his colleagues such as Lal Krishna Advani and Bhairon Singh Shekhawat in 1980. Served as the president of this party, during the first five years.

Served as a Member of Parliament for 50 years. Was elected 10 times to Lok Sabha beginning with 1957, represented six different constituencies. As Prime Minister Elected as the Prime Minister of India thrice: 1996 - Vajpayee became Prime Minister for the first time but had to resign in just 13 days after the BJP failed to get the support of other parties. 1998 - Headed the National Democratic Party (NDA) government as the Prime Minister for the second time but could rule only for 13 months when the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) withdrew its support.

1999 - Completed his full five-year term, becoming the longest serving non-Congress Prime Minister at the Centre (13 October 1999- 19 May 2004)). Vajpayee retired from politics in 2005.) Vajpayee retired from politics in 2005. Legacy - In May 1998, the Vajpayee government conducted five underground nuclear tests in Pokhran, Rajasthan.

Strongly pitching for India-Pakistan friendship, he inaugurated a bus service from Delhi to Lahore in Pakistan in 1999. His government set out on a number of economic reforms and encouraged foreign investment and privatisation. Asked the then Gujarat CM Narendra Modi to abide by his 'Rajdharma' after the Gujarat communal riots. MOI.AB.26.12.16 Related Links Prime Ministers.

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Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially or harmful. Contents. Early life and education Vajpayee was born to Krishna Devi and Krishna Bihari Vajpayee on 25 December 1924 in. His grandfather, Pandit Shyam Lal Vajpayee, had migrated to, from his ancestral village of. His father, Krishna Bihari Vajpayee, was a poet and a schoolmaster in his hometown. Vajpayee did his schooling from the Saraswati Shishu Mandir, Gorkhi, Bara, Gwalior. Vajpayee attended Gwalior's Victoria College (now Laxmi Bai College) and graduated with distinction in, English and.

He completed his post-graduation with an M.A. In Political Science from, and was awarded a first-class degree. His activism started with Arya Kumar Sabha of Gwalior, the youth wing of the, of which he became the General Secretary in 1944.

He also joined the (RSS) as a in 1939. Influenced by, he attended the Officers Training Camp of the RSS during 1940-44 and became a 'full-time worker' in 1947, technically a pracharak. He gave up studying law due to the partition riots. He was sent as a vistarak (probationary pracharak) to Uttar Pradesh and quickly began working for the newspapers of, Rashtradharma (a Hindi monthly), (a Hindi weekly) and the dailies Swadesh and Veer Arjun. Vajpayee never married and has remained a bachelor his entire life. Early political career (1942–1975) Vajpayee's first exposure to politics was in August 1942, when he and his elder brother Prem were arrested for 23 days during the, when he was released after giving a written undertaking, expressly declaring that they would not participate in the anti-British struggle, a promise that they kept. In 1948, the RSS was banned for its role in the.

In 1951, he was seconded by the RSS, along with Deendayal Upadhyaya, to work for the newly formed, a Hindu right-wing political party associated with the RSS. He was appointed as a national secretary of the party in charge of the Northern region, based in Delhi. He soon became a follower and aide of party leader. In 1954, Vajpayee was with Mukherjee when he went on a in to protest against perceived inferior treatment of non-Kashmiri Indian visitors to the state. Mookerjee died in prison during this strike.

A B Vajpayee

In 1957, Vajpayee lost to in Mathura for the, the lower house of, but was elected from. There, his oratorial skills so impressed Prime Minister that he predicted that Vajpayee would someday become India's Prime Minister. By virtue of his oratorical and organizational skills, he became the face of the Jana Sangh. After the death of, the mantle of the leadership of Jana Sangh fell on the shoulders of a young Vajpayee. He became the national president of the Jana Sangh in 1968 and, along with, and, led the Jana Sangh to national prominence. Political career (1975–1995). Foreign Minister Vajpayee (far right) and Prime Minister (third from right, front row) with US President during his 1978 visit to India.

From 1975 to 1977, Vajpayee was arrested along with several other opposition leaders during the imposed by Prime Minister of the party. In 1977, heeding the call of social reformer for all the opposition parties to unite against the Congress, Vajpayee merged the Jana Sangh into the newly formed grand-alliance, the. Following Janata's victory in the, he became the in Prime Minister 's. As foreign minister, that year Vajpayee became the first person to deliver a speech to the in Hindi. By the time the Janata government crumbled in 1979, Vajpayee had established himself as an experienced statesman and a respected political leader. The Janata Party was dissolved soon after Morarji Desai resigned as Prime Minister in 1979. The Jana Sangh had devoted its political organisation to sustain the coalition and was left exhausted by the internecine political wars within the Janata Party.

Vajpayee joined many of his Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh colleagues, particularly his long-time friends L. Advani and, to form the (BJP) in 1980. He became the BJP's first President. He emerged as a strong critic of the government that followed the. While the BJP opposed the militancy that was rising in the state of, it also blamed Prime Minister Indira Gandhi for her 'divisive and corrupt politics that fostered such militancy at the expense of national unity and integrity.' The BJP was left with only two parliamentary seats in the 1984 elections.

During this period, Vajpayee remained at the centre-stage as party President and Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament. The BJP became the political voice of the, which was led by activists of the (VHP) and the RSS, and which sought to build a temple dedicated to Lord in.

Victory in the assembly elections in and in March 1995, and a good performance in the elections to the assembly in December 1994, propelled the BJP to greater political prominence. During a BJP conference in Mumbai in November 1995, BJP President declared that Vajpayee would become the. The BJP won in the May 1996 parliamentary elections. As Prime Minister of India Vajpayee served as the Prime Minister of India between 1996 and 2004 in three non-consecutive terms. First term: May 1996.

See also: After the fall of the two governments between 1996 and 1998, the Lok Sabha was dissolved and fresh elections were held. The again put the BJP ahead of others. This time, a cohesive bloc of political parties joined the BJP to form the (NDA), and Vajpayee was sworn in as the Prime Minister. The NDA proved its majority in the parliament. The government lasted 13 months until mid-1999 when the (AIADMK) under withdrew its support to the government. The government lost the ensuing vote of confidence motion in the Lok Sabha by a single vote on 17 April 1999.

As the Opposition was unable to come up with the numbers to form the new government, the Lok Sabha was again dissolved and fresh elections were held. Vajpayee remaining the Prime Minister until the elections were held. Nuclear tests.

See also: In May 1998, India conducted five underground nuclear tests in desert in, 24 yrs after India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974. This test is called. The tests were held just a month after the government had been in power.

Two weeks later, responded with its own nuclear tests making it the newest declared nation with nuclear weapons. While some nations, such as and, endorsed India's right to defensive nuclear power, others including the United States, Canada, Japan, Britain and the imposed sanctions on information, resources and technology to India. In spite of the intense international criticism and the steady decline in foreign investment and trade, the nuclear tests were popular domestically. Effectively the international sanctions failed completely in swaying India's decision to weaponize their nuclear capability, something that was planned for and anticipated by the Vajpayee administration. The Lahore summit In late 1998 and early 1999, Vajpayee began a push for a full-scale diplomatic peace process with Pakistan. With the historic inauguration of the Delhi-Lahore bus service in February 1999, Vajpayee initiated a new peace process aimed towards permanently resolving the Kashmir dispute and other conflicts with Pakistan. The resultant espoused a commitment to dialogue, expanded trade relations and mutual friendship and envisaged a goal of denuclearised South Asia.

This eased the tension created by the 1998 nuclear tests, not only within the two nations but also in South Asia and the rest of the world. The Vajpayee-led government was faced with two crises in mid-1999. The AIADMK had continually threatened to withdraw from the coalition and national leaders repeatedly flew down from Delhi to Chennai to pacify the AIADMK chief J.

However, in May 1999, the AIADMK did pull the plug on the NDA, and the Vajpayee administration was reduced to a caretaker status pending. Kargil War. Further information: It was revealed that militants and non-uniformed Pakistani soldiers (many with official identifications and 's custom weaponry) had infiltrated into the Kashmir Valley and captured control of border hilltops, unmanned border posts and were spreading out fast. The incursion was centred around the town of, but also included the and sectors and artillery exchanges at the.

Indian army units were swiftly rushed into Kashmir in response. Operation Vijay, launched in June 1999, saw the Indian military fighting thousands of militants and soldiers in the midst of heavy artillery shelling and while facing extremely cold weather, snow and treacherous terrain at the high altitude. Over 500 Indian soldiers were killed in the three-month-long Kargil War, and it is estimated around 600-4,000 Pakistani militants and soldiers died as well.

India pushed back the Pakistani militants and soldiers. Almost 70% of the territory was recaptured by India. With news of Pakistan planning to launch a nuclear attack in the face of a loss in the war with India, Pakistan's Prime Minister was summoned to the US by and warned against any such action. After Pakistan suffered heavy losses, and with both the United States and China refusing to condone the incursion or threaten India to stop its military operations, General was recalcitrant and asked the remaining militants to stop and withdraw to positions along the LoC.

The militants were not willing to accept orders from Sharif but the soldiers withdrew. The militants were killed by the army or forced to withdraw in skirmishes which went beyond the announcement of withdrawal by Pakistan. The victory in Kargil bolstered the image of Vajpayee and he was hailed across the country for his bold and strong leadership. On 26 July 2012, designated as 'Kargil Vijay Diwas', BJP President unveiled a wax statue of Atal Bihari Vajpayee in Mumbai.

The statue is to be put up at a wax museum in Lonavala. Third term: 1999–2004. See also: In the, the BJP-led NDA won 303 seats out of the 543 seats in the Lok Sabha, in the aftermath of the Kargil operations, thereby securing a comfortable and stable majority.

On 13 October 1999, Atal Bihari Vajpayee took oath as Prime Minister of India for the third time. Indian Airlines hijack A national crisis emerged in December 1999, when from to New Delhi was hijacked by five terrorists and flown to -ruled. The hijackers made several demands including the release of certain terrorists like from prison. Under extreme pressure, the government ultimately caved in., the Minister for External Affairs at the time, flew with the terrorists to Afghanistan and exchanged them for the passengers. Main articles: and During his administration, Vajpayee introduced many domestic economic and infrastructural reforms, including encouraging the private sector and foreign investments, reducing governmental waste, encouraging research and development and privatisation of some government owned corporations. The UPA Government on 1 July 2013 accepted before Supreme Court that National Democratic Alliance Government led by Vajpayee has developed half the roads in last 32 years in their 5-year term.

Vajpayee's pet projects were the and. In March 2000, the, paid a state visit to India. His was the first state visit to India by a US President in 22 years. President Clinton's visit to India was hailed as a significant milestone in the relations between the two countries. Since the visit came barely two years after the Pokhran tests, and one year after the Kargil invasion and the subsequent coup in Pakistan, it was read to reflect a major shift in the post-. The Indian Prime Minister and the U.S. President discussed strategic issues, but the major achievement was a significant expansion in trade and economic ties.

The Historic Vision Document on the future course of relations between the two countries was signed by Prime Minister Vajpayee and President Clinton during the visit. Domestically, the BJP-led government was under constant pressure from its ideological mentor, the RSS, and the hard-line VHP to enact the agenda. But owing to its dependence on coalition support, it was impossible for the BJP to push items like building the Ram Janmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya, repealing which gave a special status to the state of Kashmir, or enacting a applicable to adherents of all religions. On 17 January 2000, there were reports of the RSS and some BJP hard-liners threatening to restart the Jan Sangh, the precursor to the BJP, because of their discontent over Atal Bihari Vajpayee rule. Former president of the Jan Sangh, Balraj Madhok, had written a letter to the then RSS chief, for support. The BJP was, however, accused of saffronising (saffron being the colour of the flag of the RSS, symbol of the Hindu nationalism movement) the official state education curriculum and apparatus.

Also, Home Minister L.K. Advani and Human Resource Development Minister were indicted in the 1992 case for inciting a mob of activists. Vajpayee himself came under public scrutiny owing to his controversial speech one day prior to the mosque demolition. The RSS also routinely criticised the government for free-market policies which introduced foreign goods and competition at the expense of 'swadeshi' industries and products. Vajpayee's administration earned the ire of many trade unions and government workers for its aggressive campaign to privatise government owned corporations.

Vajpayee promoted pro-business, free market reforms to reinvigorate India's economic transformation and expansion that were started by the former PM but stalled after 1996 due to unstable governments and the. Increased competitiveness, extra funding and support for the information technology sector and high-tech industries, improvements in infrastructure, deregulation of trade, investments and corporate laws —- all increased foreign capital investment and set in motion an economic expansion. Atal Bihari Vajpayee with Russia's president. These couple of years of reform however were accompanied by infighting in the administration and confusion regarding the direction of government. Vajpayee's weakening health was also a subject of public interest, and he underwent a major knee-replacement surgery at the in to relieve great pressure on his legs. In March 2001, the group released the sting operation video named showing videos of the BJP President Bangaru Laxman, senior army officers and NDA members accepting bribes from journalists posing as agents and businessmen.

The Defence Minister was forced to resign following the, another scandal involving the botched supplies of coffins for the soldiers killed in Kargil, and the findings of an inquiry commission that the Government could have prevented the Kargil invasion. Vajpayee again broke the ice in the Indo-Pak relations by inviting Pakistani President to Delhi and for a. His second major attempt to move beyond the stalemate involved inviting the man who had planned the Kargil invasions. But accepting him as the, Vajpayee chose to move forward. But after three days of much fanfare, which included Musharraf visiting his birthplace in Delhi, the summit failed to achieve a breakthrough as President Musharraf declined to leave aside the issue of Kashmir. In 2001, the Vajpayee government launched the famous, which aimed at improving the quality of education in primary and secondary schools.

2001 attack on Parliament. Main article: On 13 December 2001, a group of masked, armed men with fake IDs stormed the in Delhi. The terrorists managed to kill several security guards, but the building was sealed off swiftly and security forces cornered and killed the men, who were later proven to be Pakistan nationals. Coming just three months after the upon the United States, this fresh escalation instantly enraged the nation. Although the officially condemned the attack, Indian intelligence reports pointed to a conspiracy rooted in Pakistan. Prime Minister Vajpayee ordered a mobilisation of India's military forces, and as many as 500,000 servicemen amassed along the international boundary bordering, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Kashmir. Pakistan responded with the same.

Vicious terrorist attacks and an aggressive anti-terrorist campaign froze day-to-day life in Kashmir, and foreigners flocked out of both India and Pakistan, fearing a possible war and nuclear exchange. For as long as two years, both nations remained perilously close to a terrible war. The Vajpayee administration also passed the against vigorous opposition of non-NDA parties. Human rights groups have condemned the act which gives wide authority to the government to crack down and hold anybody. Its repeal was advocated by human rights organisations. But the biggest political disaster hit his government between December 2001 and March 2002: the VHP held the Government hostage in a major standoff in Ayodhya over the Ram temple. At the 10th anniversary of the destruction of the Babri mosque, the VHP wanted to perform a shila daan, or a ceremony laying the foundation stone of the cherished temple at the disputed site.

Tens of thousands of VHP activists amassed and threatened to overrun the site and forcibly build the temple. A grave threat of not only communal violence, but an outright breakdown of law and order owing to the defiance of the government by a religious organisation hung over the nation. But to the relief of Vajpayee, his government was able to tide over this crisis rather smoothly. 2002 Gujarat violence. Main article: In 2002, Hindu-Muslim violence in the state Gujarat killed more than 1,000 people. Vajpayee officially condemned the violence.

Later, Vajpayee made controversial remarks: 'Wherever there are Muslims in large numbers, they do not want to live in peace.' The remarks were clarified by the as being taken out of context. Vajpayee was accused of doing nothing to stop the violence, and later admitted mistakes in handling the events., then, also blamed Vajpayee's government for failing to quell the violence. Remainder of term In late 2002 and 2003 the government pushed economic reforms, and the country's GDP growth accelerated at record levels, exceeding 6–7%. Increasing foreign investment, modernisation of public and industrial infrastructure, the creation of jobs, a rising high-tech and IT industry and urban modernisation and expansion improved the nation's international image. Good crop harvests and strong industrial expansion also helped the economy.

The government reformed the tax system, increased the pace of reforms and pro-business initiatives, major irrigation and housing schemes and so on. The political energies of the BJP shifted to the rising urban middle-class and young people, who were positive and enthusiastic about the major economic expansion and future of the country. He faced stiff opposition from other equally strong organisations in the such as the and the. However, he continued with his aggressive economic reform policy.

In August 2003, he announced before the parliament his 'absolute last' effort to achieve peace with Pakistan. Although the diplomatic process never truly set-off immediately, visits were exchanged by high-level officials and the military stand-off ended. The Pakistani President and Pakistani politicians, civil and religious leaders hailed this initiative as did the leaders of America, Europe and much of the world.

In July 2003, Prime Minister Vajpayee, visited China, and met with various Chinese leaders. He recognised as a part of China, which was welcomed by the Chinese leadership, who in the following year, recognised, as a part of India. Improved greatly in the following years. In November–December 2003, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won three major state elections, fought mainly on development issues, without ideological campaigns.

A major public relations campaign was launched to reach out to Muslims and stop the 2002 communal riots controversy from haunting the party's future. But the attention of the media and of millions now moved from Vajpayee to his more possible successor, L. Advani, although the question was never directly raised or contested in any way. Vajpayee's age, failing health and diminished physical and mental vigour were obvious factors in such speculation. Advani assumed greater responsibilities in the party, and although no perceivable conflict has been known to arise between the longtime friends and political colleagues, several embarrassing statements were made. Once Vajpayee said 'Advani would lead the BJP in the elections,' prompting Advani to clarify that he would merely lead the election campaign, not the party.

And then the BJP President used mythological references to depict Vajpayee as Vikas Purush (Man of Progress) and Advani as Loh Purush(Iron Man). As the BJP prepared for general elections in 2004, Vajpayee was still the choice of the BJP and of the wider NDA, for the Prime Minister's job. On 29 June 2002 Atal Bihari Vajpayee while dedicating his collection of poems translated in, recalled his friendship with and claimed that he was not opposed to Hindi and appreciated Vajpayee's language skills. Annadurai however, was against imposition of the language. 2004 general election The NDA was widely expected to retain power after the.

The had been dissolved before the completion of its term to capitalise on the perceived 'feel-good factor' and BJP's recent successes in the Assembly elections in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and. The BJP hoped to capitalise on the slogan 'India Shining' and released many ads touting the economic growth of the nation. However, the coalition lost almost half of its seats, with several prominent cabinet ministers being defeated. The Indian National Congress, led by, became the single largest party and, along with many minor parties, formed the. With the conditional support of the leftist parties from the outside, the UPA formed a government under.

Vajpayee resigned as Prime Minister and promised co-operation to the new government. Accepting moral responsibility for the defeat, he decided not to take up the position of the Leader of the Opposition and passed on the leadership mantle to. However, he retained his post as Chairman of the NDA. Travel and diplomatic assignments Vajpayee has visited several countries, first in 1965 as a member of the Parliamentary Goodwill Mission to East Africa. He was also part of the Parliamentary Delegations to Australia in 1967, the European Parliament in 1983, and Canada in 1987.

He was part of the official Indian Delegation to Commonwealth Parliamentary Association meetings held in Canada in 1966 and 1994, Zambia in 1980, and the Isle of Man in 1984. He was in the Indian delegation to the Inter-Parliamentary Union Conference, Japan in 1974, Sri Lanka in 1975; and Switzerland in 1984. He was a regular at the UN General Assembly, having been part of the Indian Delegations in 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1996. He led the Indian Delegation to the Human Rights Commission Meeting at Geneva in 1993 and the Delegation of Standing Committees of External Affairs to Gulf countries i.e. Bahrain, Oman and Kuwait. Post-premiership In December 2005, Vajpayee announced his retirement from active politics, declaring that he would not contest in the next general election.

In a famous statement at the BJP's silver Jubilee rally at Mumbai's historic, Vajpayee announced that 'Henceforth, Lal Krishna Advani and will be the Ram-Laxman (the two godly brothers much revered and worshipped by Hindus) of the BJP.' Vajpayee was referred to as the of Indian Politics by Prime Minister during his speech in the. Vajpayee was hospitalised at AIIMS for chest infection and fever on 6 February 2009. He was put on ventilator support as his condition worsened but he eventually recuperated and was later discharged. Unable to participate in the campaign for the due to his poor health, he wrote a letter urging voters to back the BJP. His protege was able to retain the seat even though the NDA suffered electoral reverses all over the country. The tall apolitical image of Vajpayee was said to be the main reason behind Lalji's success in Lucknow even though BJP's performance was poor elsewhere in.

Currently, he is the oldest living former Prime Minister of India. Personal life and interests Vajpayee has an adopted daughter, Namita. He is fond of Indian music and dance.

He loves nature and one of his favourite retreats is in. Vajpayee has said about his poetry, 'My poetry is a declaration of war, not an exordium to defeat. It is not the defeated soldier's drumbeat of despair, but the fighting warrior's will to win. It is not the despirited voice of dejection but the stirring shout of victory.'

Health issues Vajpayee underwent knee replacement surgery at Breach Candy Hospital in Mumbai in 2001. He suffered a stroke in 2009 which impaired his speech.

His health has been a major source of concern and those in the know say he is often confined to a wheelchair and fails to recognise people. He is said to be suffering from dementia and long-term diabetes. He is not known to have attended any public event in recent years. He rarely ventures out of the house, except for checkups at the. Awards.

1992,. 1993, from. 1994, Lokmanya Tilak Award. 1994,. 1994, Bharat Ratna Pandit Govind Vallabh Pant Award. 2015,.

2015, (Bangladesh Muktijuddho Sanmanona) Positions held. 1951 – Founder-Member, Bharatiya Jana Sangh (B.J.S). 1957 – Elected to 2nd Lok Sabha ( 1st term ). 1957–77 – Leader, Bharatiya Jana Sangh Parliamentary Party. 1962 – Member, Rajya Sabha. 1966-67- Chairman, Committee on Government Assurances.

1967 – Re-elected to 4th Lok Sabha (2nd term). 1967–70 – Chairman, Public Accounts Committee. 1968–73 – President, B.J.S.

1971 – Re-elected to 5th Lok Sabha (3rd term). 1977 – Re-elected to 6th Lok Sabha (4th term). 1977–79 – Union Cabinet Minister, External Affairs.

1977–80 – Founder- Member, Janata Party. 1980 – Re-elected to 7th Lok Sabha (5th term). 1980-86- President, Bharatiya Janata Party (B.J.P.). 1980-84, 1986 and 1993–96 – Leader, B.J.P. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2017-05-11. Smriti Kak Ramachandran.

Rahul Shrivastava (23 December 2014). Vishwa Samvada Kendra. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Jaffrelot, Christophe (1996). The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics.

Chatterjee, Mannini. 7–20 February 1998. Retrieved 11 November 2012. Gurumurthy, S (16 October 2013). Retrieved 29 January 2018. The Indian Express.

Retrieved 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2017-07-24.

Rai, Ajai K. Pearson Education India. Morrow, Daniel; Carriere, Michael (Fall 1999). Therefore, the bottom line for the case of India is this: sanctions had a marginal—but not negligible—effect on the nation’s economy. The indirect effects via private capital flows were far more important than the direct effects of changes in official aid flows. The sanctions would have had greater effect if they had remained in place for several years and thereby affected significantly not just the commitments but also the disbursements of official creditors such as the World Bank. Team, BS Web (2015-12-03).

Business Standard India. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Archived from (PDF) on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-24. Archived from on 18 June 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2016.

Archived from on 2013-01-04. Retrieved 2017-07-24. The Times of India.

Retrieved 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Ramakrishnan, Venkitesh (April 25, 2004). Retrieved 2017-07-24. The Times of India. Retrieved 2017-07-24. ^ indiainfoline.com.

Retrieved 2017-07-24. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2017-07-24.

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Tully, Mark. Retrieved 2017-07-24. CNN, Kasra Naji. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Rafiq Dossani (2008).

India Arriving: How This Economic Powerhouse Is Redefining Global Business. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Retrieved 2017-07-24.

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Retrieved 2017-07-25. The Indian Express. Retrieved 2017-07-25. Prakash, Vineet. Retrieved 2017-07-27. Values, Vision & Verses of Vajpayee: India's Man of Destiny page – iii. ^.

The Times of India. Retrieved 2017-07-27. Retrieved 2017-07-27. 27 December 2012 at the. Further reading. Bateshwar to Prime Minister House – An Interesting Description of Different Aspects of Atalji's. New Era in the Indian Polity, A Study of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and the BJP.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The man India needs: the most appropriate leader for the twentyfirst century. ' prem k jain '.

Chandrika Prasad Sharma. Poet politician Atal Bihari Vajpayee: A biography. ASIN: B0006FD11E.

Take the FileFixation now for more detailed information! Callstation 5.5.2 serial. The word 'keygen' means a small program that can generate a cd key, activation number, license code, serial number, or registration number for a piece of software.

Sheila Vazirani. Atal Bihari Vajpayee; profile & personal views (Know thy leaders).

ASIN: B0006FFBV2. India Under Atal Behari Vajpayee: The BJP Era.(1999). Sita Ram Sharma. Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee: Commitment to power.

Goyal Values, Vision & Verses of Vajpayee: India's Man of Destiny 2001 Srijan Prakashan R-6/233 Rajnagar 201002. Darshan Singh. Atal Behari Vajpayee: The arch of India. Yogesh Atal. Mandate for political transition: Reemergence of Vaypayee. ASIN: B0006FEIHA.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Has original works written by or about:. Govt.

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